The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) formally opened on 1 January 2005, and involves about 12,000 installations in the energy and energy-intensive industrial sectors, including power generation, oil refineries, coke ovens, steel manufacturing, and production facilities of cement, lime, glass and glass fibre, ceramics, and pulp and paper above a certain size. Together they are responsible for about 50% of EU carbon dioxide emissions.
There are three basic principles und…
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